Proofs and Refutations

Imre Lakatos’s Proofs and Refutations is an enduring classic, which has never lost its relevance. Taking the form of a dialogue between a teacher and some students, the book considers various solutions to mathematical problems and, in the process, raises important questions about the nature of mathematical discovery and methodology. Lakatos shows that mathematics grows through a process of improvement by attempts at proofs and critiques of these attempts, and his work continues to inspire mathematicians and philosophers aspiring to develop a philosophy of mathematics that accounts for both the static and the dynamic complexity of mathematical practice. With a specially commissioned Preface written by Paolo Mancosu, this book has been revived for a new generation of readers.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Appendix 1 Another case-study in the method of proofs and refutations

Appendix 2 The deductivist versus the heuristic approach

About the Author

Imre Lakatos (1922–74) was one of the twentieth century’s most prominent philosophers of science and mathematics, best known for his theory of the methodology of proof and refutation in mathematics.