Frames of Mind

The book that revolutionized our understanding of human intelligence.

Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences has been hailed by educators for decades and applied in hundreds of schools worldwide. In Frames of Mind, Gardner challenges the widely held notion that intelligence is a single general capacity possessed by every individual to a greater or lesser extent. Amassing a wealth of evidence, Gardner posits the existence of eight different intelligences, each as important as the next, that comprise a unique cognitive profile for each person. In this updated edition, the author reflects on thirty years of work on Multiple Intelligences theory and practice.

Table of Contents

PART I BACKGROUND

1 The Idea of Multiple Intelligences

2 Intelligence: Earlier Views

3 Biological Foundations of Intelligence

4 What Is an Intelligence?

PART II THE THEORY

5 Linguistic Intelligence

6 Musical Intelligence

7 Logical-Mathematical Intelligence

8 Spatial Intelligence

9 Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence

10 The Personal Intelligences

11 A Critique of the Theory of Multiple Intelligences

12 The Socialization of Human Intelligences Through Symbols

PART III IMPLICATIONS AND APPLICATIONS

13 The Education of Intelligences

14 The Application of Intelligences

About the Author

Howard Gardner is the John H. and Elisabeth A. Hobbs Professor of Cognition and Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education and Senior Director of Harvard Project Zero. The author of more than twenty books and the recipient of a MacArthur Fellowship and twenty-one honorary degrees, he lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts.